Skip to product information
A luxurious fragrance with rose, oud, and vanilla notes, crafted in Italy.
Adamo Parfum
UNISEX
AMATUS (NUMERO IV)
Share this product
AMATUS (NUMERO IV) Extrait Parfum
Experience the luxurious blend of rose, oud, and vanilla in AMATUS by Adamo Parfum.
$ 345
| Notes & Scents |
|---|
| Top Notes Pink Berries, Bergamot |
| Heart Notes Bulgarian Rose, Cashmere Musk |
| Base Notes Oud Assafi, Vanilla, Amber |
| Perfume Details | |
|---|---|
| Type of Perfume Extrait de Parfum | Sillage Strong |
| Country Italy | Projection Moderate to Strong |
| Collection Roman collection | Fragrance Family Floral Oriental |
DISCOVER MORE OPTIONS
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral Oriental
TOP NOTES
Plum • white peach • lemon • mandarin • iris • pimento oil
HEART NOTES
Ylang-ylang • vintage iris • rose • carnation
BASE NOTES
Madagascan vanilla • musk • amber • tonka bean
Clive Christian
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Honey • violet • sage • saffron • fig
HEART NOTES
Rose • osmanthus • geranium • jasmine • nutmeg
BASE NOTES
Amber • whiskey • oud • cinnamon • cedarwood • gurjum • leather • vanilla
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Lemon • chamomile • tagetes • saffron
HEART NOTES
Rose • jasmine • magnolia • dark chocolate
BASE NOTES
Leather • oud • amber • patchouli
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral Oriental
TOP NOTES
Pink berries
HEART NOTES
Damask rose
BASE NOTES
Oud
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Rose • strawberry • plum • dewberry • raspberry • orange • cardamom • incense • peach • apple • rose bulgarian • turkish rose • woody • aldehydes • green leaves • pink pepper • grapefruit
HEART NOTES
Iris • rhubarb • saffron • floral transparent • powdery • oud • vanilla berries • cypriol • patchouli • sandal • ambery • earthy • rose taif • chamomille • honey • carnation • geranium • ubar luban
BASE NOTES
Vanilla • tonka • cedarwood • sandalwood • guaiacwood • cuir • ambergris • white musk • castoreum • gurjum balsam • myrrh • mukhallat • coffee • leather • caramelised sugar • benzoin resinoid • kadeem • balsamic • musk • frankincense
The Spirit of Dubai
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Leather
TOP NOTES
Bergamot • grapefruit • neroli • galbanum
HEART NOTES
Magnolia • patchouly • lavender • amber • cistus
BASE NOTES
Sandalwood • musk • ambergris • leather • tonka bean • oakmoss
Vertus
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Leather
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Ginger • mandarin • saffron • rose • black pepper • cardamom
HEART NOTES
Nutmeg • clove • cinnamon • tea • lotus • almond • passion fruit
BASE NOTES
Vanilla • musk • guaiac wood • sandal • tonka beans • white chocolate • amber
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Aromatic
TOP NOTES
Tarocco orange
HEART NOTES
Rock rose • lavender • violet
BASE NOTES
Saffron
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Pineapple • citrus • pepper pink & black
HEART NOTES
Jasmine • olibanum • retinoid
BASE NOTES
Haitian vetiver • indonesian patchouli • vanilla • oud
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Gourmand
TOP NOTES
Confit lemon • dates • rum • pink pepper • bergamot
HEART NOTES
Litsea cubeba • coffee • orange blossom • elderflower • fir balsam
BASE NOTES
Leathered woods • smokewood • guaiac wood • oak • labdanum
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Gourmand
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral Oriental
TOP NOTES
Plum • white peach • lemon • mandarin • iris • pimento oil
HEART NOTES
Ylang-ylang • vintage iris • rose • carnation
BASE NOTES
Madagascan vanilla • musk • amber • tonka bean
Clive Christian
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Honey • violet • sage • saffron • fig
HEART NOTES
Rose • osmanthus • geranium • jasmine • nutmeg
BASE NOTES
Amber • whiskey • oud • cinnamon • cedarwood • gurjum • leather • vanilla
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Lemon • chamomile • tagetes • saffron
HEART NOTES
Rose • jasmine • magnolia • dark chocolate
BASE NOTES
Leather • oud • amber • patchouli
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral Oriental
TOP NOTES
Pink berries
HEART NOTES
Damask rose
BASE NOTES
Oud
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Rose • strawberry • plum • dewberry • raspberry • orange • cardamom • incense • peach • apple • rose bulgarian • turkish rose • woody • aldehydes • green leaves • pink pepper • grapefruit
HEART NOTES
Iris • rhubarb • saffron • floral transparent • powdery • oud • vanilla berries • cypriol • patchouli • sandal • ambery • earthy • rose taif • chamomille • honey • carnation • geranium • ubar luban
BASE NOTES
Vanilla • tonka • cedarwood • sandalwood • guaiacwood • cuir • ambergris • white musk • castoreum • gurjum balsam • myrrh • mukhallat • coffee • leather • caramelised sugar • benzoin resinoid • kadeem • balsamic • musk • frankincense
The Spirit of Dubai
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Leather
TOP NOTES
Bergamot • grapefruit • neroli • galbanum
HEART NOTES
Magnolia • patchouly • lavender • amber • cistus
BASE NOTES
Sandalwood • musk • ambergris • leather • tonka bean • oakmoss
Vertus
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Leather
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Ginger • mandarin • saffron • rose • black pepper • cardamom
HEART NOTES
Nutmeg • clove • cinnamon • tea • lotus • almond • passion fruit
BASE NOTES
Vanilla • musk • guaiac wood • sandal • tonka beans • white chocolate • amber
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Aromatic
TOP NOTES
Tarocco orange
HEART NOTES
Rock rose • lavender • violet
BASE NOTES
Saffron
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Pineapple • citrus • pepper pink & black
HEART NOTES
Jasmine • olibanum • retinoid
BASE NOTES
Haitian vetiver • indonesian patchouli • vanilla • oud
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Gourmand
TOP NOTES
Confit lemon • dates • rum • pink pepper • bergamot
HEART NOTES
Litsea cubeba • coffee • orange blossom • elderflower • fir balsam
BASE NOTES
Leathered woods • smokewood • guaiac wood • oak • labdanum
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Gourmand
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Spices
TOP NOTES
Bigaradier blossoms • white flowers • honey
HEART NOTES
Saffron • woody leather
BASE NOTES
Oud • smoky resin • animalistic • fruity
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Spices
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Falcon leather • cardamom • coffee • saffron • coriander • black pepper • aldehyde • bergamot • plum • red berries • star anis • cinnamon • nutmeg • pepper • clove • mint
HEART NOTES
Orchid • carnation • lily of the valley • jasmine • rose • incense • leather • birch leaves • honey • floral • tuberose • ylang-ylang • geranium • tobacco • smoked olibanum
BASE NOTES
Guaiac wood • sandalwood • cistus • tonka • gurjum • copaiba • myrrhe • patchouli • peru balsam • civet • costus • vetiver • praline • amber • vanilla • musk • castoreum • labdanum • indian agarwood oil
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Green apple • calabrian mandarin • red plum of romagna • coconuts • raspberry • blackberry
HEART NOTES
Mexican magnolia • himalaya orchid • indian jasmin • bulgarian rose • lily of the valley
BASE NOTES
Ambergris • australian sandalwood • benzoin • white musk • vanilla from madagascar • caramel
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Thyme • nutmeg
HEART NOTES
Cardamom • nutmeg • pimento • artemisia oil • bergamot • lime • sicilian mandarin • pink grapefruit
BASE NOTES
Tonka bean • amber • sandalwood • madagascan vanilla • musk
Clive Christian
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Woods
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Leather
TOP NOTES
Cardamom • saffron • geranium • black pepper
HEART NOTES
Turkish rose • castoreum • suede • oud
BASE NOTES
Cistus labdanum • patchouli • sandalwood • moss • guaiacwood • benzoin • olibanum • musk
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Orange blossom • mandarin • orange • grapefruit • neroli
HEART NOTES
Jasmine • cherry blossom • ylang-ylang
BASE NOTES
Vanilla • amber • sandalwood • tonka • cocoa kissed patchouli • leather
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Musk/Amber
TOP NOTES
Cardamom
HEART NOTES
Sandalwood
BASE NOTES
Amber
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Musk/Amber
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Turkish rose • rose bulgarian • bergamot • fruity notes • oud • sweet orange • spicy notes • rose damascene • elemi • cardamom • coffee • frutta secca • candied fruit
HEART NOTES
Sandal • cypriol • benzoin resinoid • vanilla • patchouli • vetiver • coriander • ginger • rose • saffron
BASE NOTES
Amber • castoreum • civetta • mosses • caramelised sugar • incense • leather • oakmoss
The Spirit of Dubai
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Calabrian bergamot • sicilian orange • hawthorn flower • bulgarian rose • romagna pear
HEART NOTES
Ambergris • locride jasmine • peruvian heliotrope • red patchouli • ylang-ylang
BASE NOTES
Ambergris • musk • tahiti vetiver • mahogany • tuscan oak • cambodian agarwood • durmast
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Gourmand
TOP NOTES
Coffee • aniseed
HEART NOTES
Jasmine • orange flower • addictive fusion accord
BASE NOTES
Cocoa absolute • vanilla caramel • smoke fusion
Clive Christian
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Gourmand
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woody Oriental
TOP NOTES
Saffron • black pepper • lemongrass
HEART NOTES
Moroccan rose • turkish rose
BASE NOTES
Oud • woods • patchouli • amber • cypriol
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Woody Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Gourmand
TOP NOTES
Sweet and burning rum • rum
HEART NOTES
Whipped cream • chantilly
BASE NOTES
Sensual vanilla • bourbon vanilla
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Gourmand
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Apple • ginger • saffron • pineapple • lime • rehan • pear • leather • smoked wood • spicy • wood • bergamot • freesia • peach • rose
HEART NOTES
Oudh • orchid • lily of the valley • corps truffe • amber • white floral • herbal • green • mossy • rose damascene • jasmine • iris • ylang-ylang
BASE NOTES
Sandal • guaiacwood • cedarwood • musk • muscenone • dry earthy • sweet woody • patchouli • rare indian agarwood oil • sandalwood
The Spirit of Dubai
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Soft Floral
TOP NOTES
Bergamot of calabria • lemon of sorrento • bloody orange of siracusa • yellow peach
HEART NOTES
Rosemary • polynesian ylang-ylang • turkish rose • green apple • passion fruit
BASE NOTES
Musk • vanilla madagascar • ambergris
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Mandarin
HEART NOTES
Saffron
BASE NOTES
Tobacco
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral Oriental
TOP NOTES
Ripe berries • juicy orange • violet
HEART NOTES
Jasmine • rose • heliotrope • yellow mimosa
BASE NOTES
Vanillic musks • sugared orris • tonka • vetiver • lychee • kiwi • green mango • rum • cake mix
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Aldehydes
HEART NOTES
Bergamot
BASE NOTES
Jasmine
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Spring/Summer
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Fresh woody (pine) • bitter almond • fruity • grapefruit • lavender • artemisia • cardamom • cinnamon • cypress • saffron • bergamot • clary sage • aldehyde • apple • nutmeg • styrax • pepper • clove • mint
HEART NOTES
Balsamic • myrrh • smoked olibanum • cedarwood • guaiacwood • earthy • kharismal • cashmeran • akigalawood • jasmine • birch leaves • honey • muguet • geranium • indian agarwood oil • labdanum • cyprus • rose • incense • leather
BASE NOTES
Tobacco • sweet • vanilla • oud • amber • musk • patchouli • sandalwood • vetiver • civet • castoreum • gajak • tonka • benzoin/ tolu • praline • sandalwood australia
The Spirit of Dubai
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Soft Floral
TOP NOTES
Calabrian bergamot • sicilian orange • sorento lemon • indian cardamom • dolomites red currant
HEART NOTES
Chilean pink pepper • himalay osmanthus • african geranium • bulgarian rose • romagna peach • italian violet • indian jasmine • dolomites raspberry
BASE NOTES
Ambergris • musk • cambodian oudh • australian sandalwood • tuscan oakmoss • brazilian talc
Tiziana Terenzi
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Soft Floral
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Musk/Amber
TOP NOTES
Bitter orange
HEART NOTES
Blonde tobacco
BASE NOTES
Tonka
Clive Christian
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Musk/Amber
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral Oriental
TOP NOTES
Cardamom • juicy orange • aldehydes
HEART NOTES
Raspberry • rose • indian jasmine
BASE NOTES
Dark oud • patchouli • amber
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Zesty seringa
HEART NOTES
Earthy papyrus
BASE NOTES
Sweet vanilla
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Spring
MOOD: Fresh vibrant
SCENT TYPE: Floral
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Bergamot • green notes
HEART NOTES
Coconut • peach • warm sand • floral notes
BASE NOTES
Vanilla • musk • candy • woody notes • amber
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Oriental
TOP NOTES
Mate tea • bergamot • grapefruit • neroli • black cherry • clary sage
HEART NOTES
Tobacco • jasmine • orris • papyrus • maple • caramel • violet • rose • whiskey
BASE NOTES
Labdanum • ambers • leather • tonka • vanilla
Clive Christian
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woody Oriental
TOP NOTES
Cypress • sage • lavender • citrus • saffron • violet leaf
HEART NOTES
Rose • osmanthus • nutmeg • iris • hay
BASE NOTES
Balsams • moss • patchouli • ambered musks
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Woody Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral
TOP NOTES
Violet leaf
HEART NOTES
Iris
BASE NOTES
Papyrus
Storie Veneziane by...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Citrus
TOP NOTES
Bergamot • lemon • grapefruit • saffron • osmanthus • thyme • rosemary
HEART NOTES
Vetiver • tobacco • patchouli • guaiac wood
BASE NOTES
Tonka bean • amber • musk • cambodian oud
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Angelica seed
HEART NOTES
Timberwood
BASE NOTES
Sage absolute
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Musk/Amber
TOP NOTES
Incense • magnolia • saffron
HEART NOTES
Saffron • nutty basmati rice • earth • metallic honey
BASE NOTES
Amber • orchidaceous vanilla • gossamer musks
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Musk/Amber
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Lemon • fresh • marine
HEART NOTES
Jasmine • patchouly • white flowers
BASE NOTES
Drywoody • ambergris • oakmoss
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Fresh
TOP NOTES
Pineapple • rum • saffron • davana
HEART NOTES
Seaweed • rose de mai • woody musks
BASE NOTES
Cypriol • mosses • vanilla • ambered woods
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Fresh
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woody Oriental
TOP NOTES
Anisic cumin • coriander • mandarin • incense • saffron
HEART NOTES
Magnolia • heliotrope • rose • hedione
BASE NOTES
Tobacco • golden caramel • honeyed hay • mosses • singed paper • resinous woods • benzoin • cedar • sandalwood • guaiac woods • cistus • patchouli • musks • oudy vanilla
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Woody Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Ambrette • saffron • black pepper
HEART NOTES
Osmanthus • oud
BASE NOTES
Resins • woods • iris
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Woods
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woods
TOP NOTES
Raspberry • violet
HEART NOTES
Pine • rosin
BASE NOTES
Oud • woody notes • earthy notes
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Woods
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Woody Oriental
TOP NOTES
Green spices • lemon • cassis
HEART NOTES
Baies rose • nutmeg • sage
BASE NOTES
Smoky woods • amber • resins • tobacco leaf • mossy musks
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Fall
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Woody Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Leather
TOP NOTES
Zesty ginger • grapefruit • dark liquorice
HEART NOTES
Solar orange blossom • night blooming jasmine
BASE NOTES
Myrrh • hay absolute • verdigris leather accord • glazed ambers • musks • smouldering birch tar • guaiac wood • patchouli • peru balsam • dried fruits • clary sage • labdanum
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Winter
MOOD: Office & corporate
SCENT TYPE: Leather
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Floral Oriental
TOP NOTES
Peach • raspberry • orange • bergamot
HEART NOTES
Roses • jasmine • vanilla • passion fruit
BASE NOTES
Ambered fruits • musk • patchouli
Boadicea The Victor...
UNIT
PRICE:
SEASON:
Spring/Fall/Winter
MOOD: Evening elegance
SCENT TYPE: Floral Oriental
TOTAL:
0
NOTES
SCENT TYPE
Citrus
TOP NOTES
Bergamot • lemon • mandarin • lime • citrus leaf • juniper berries • pink pepper
HEART NOTES
Magnolia • orange blossom • hedione
BASE NOTES
Patchouli • vetiver • musks • amber
TOTAL:
